‘EMANCIPATIONISM’: AN ATTEMPT TO SYNTHESIZE NEO-REPUBLICAN AND SOCIALIST THOUGHT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/eps.3.1.128Keywords:
socialism, neo-republicanism, domination, exploitation, freedom, emancipationAbstract
The republican revival of recent decades, spearheaded by thinkers like Philip Pettit and Quentin Skinner, has brought forth many interesting questions. This article takes up one such inquiry: what is the relationship between neo-republicanism and socialism? On the one hand, there appears to be a number of striking similarities between these social philosophies, such as their shared principal commitment to the liberation of people. On the other hand, however, a number of philosophers have questioned whether an allyship between them is theoretically sound. In what follows is an attempt to fuse these philosophies into a singular project under the heading of ‘emancipationism’. In so doing, it will be shown that not only are neo-republicanism and socialism mutually compatible, they are, in fact, incomplete without one another. Each of these traditions focuses on the eradication of a particular evil. Whereas neo-republicanism tends to highlight the problem of domination, the socialist tradition emphasizes the need to abolish exploitation. Thus, it will be shown that by conjoining the core commitments of these social philosophies, and the language both traditions employ when condemning domination and exploitation respectively, a stronger theory of freedom and justice emerges.
References
Andrew, S. (2015). Why we can’t afford the rich. Bristol: Policy Press.
Arnold, S. (2017). Capitalism, class conflict, and domination. Socialism and Democracy, 31(1), 106–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2016.1215810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2016.1215810
Arnold, S., & Harris, J. R. (2017). What is arbitrary power? Journal of Political Power, 10(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2017.1287473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2017.1287473
Bogg, A. (2017). Republican non-domination and labour law: New normativity or Trojan horse? International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, 33(3), 391–417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54648/IJCL2017017
Breen, K. (2017). Non-domination, workplace republicanism, and the justification of worker voice and control. International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, 33(3), 419–439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54648/IJCL2017018
Carchedi, G. (2017). Exploitation. In Routledge handbook of Marxian economics (pp. 45–49). London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315774206-4
Cohen, G. A. (1995). Self-ownership, freedom, and equality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511521270
Cohen, G. A. (2009). Why not socialism? Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Connolly, J. (2017). The life of Roman republicanism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Connolly, W. E. (1977). A note on freedom under socialism. Political Theory, 5(4), 461–472. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/191026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009059177700500403
El-Enany, N., & Bruce-Jones, E. (Eds.). (2015). Justice, resistance and solidarity: Race and policing in England and Wales. London: Runnymede Trust.
Friedman, M. D. (2015). Libertarian philosophy in the real world: The politics of natural rights. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Gaus, G. (2015). Social philosophy. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315700717
Gilbert, J. (2013). Common ground: Democracy and collectivity in an age of individualism. London: Pluto Press.
Gourevitch, A. (2013). Labor republicanism and the transformation of work. Political Theory, 41(4), 591–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591713485370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591713485370
Habermas, J. (1986). The new obscurity: The crisis of the welfare state and the exhaustion of utopian energies (Phillip Jacobs, Trans.). Philosophy & Social Criticism, 11(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/019145378601100201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/019145378601100201
Ikpenwa, A. O. (2011). Economic emancipation: The crisis of a Christian value system and the alienation of the human person in a globalized economy: Global and Nigerian perspectives. Münster, Germany: LIT Verlag Münster.
Kofman, E., Lukes, S., D’Angelo, A., & Montagna, N. (2009). The equality implications of being a migrant in Britain (Report No. 19). Retrieved from Equality and Human Rights Commission website: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/research-report-19-the-equality-implications-of-being-a-migrant-in-britain.pdf
Laborde, C. (2013). Republicanism. In M. Freeden & M. Stears (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of political ideologies (pp. 513–536). Retrieved from http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199585977-e-029
Larmore, C. (2001). A Critique of Philip Pettit’s republicanism. Philosophical Issues, 11, 229–243. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/3050602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-2237.2001.tb00045.x
Lovett, F. (2012). What counts as arbitrary power? Journal of Political Power, 5(1), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2012.660026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2012.660026
Lovett, F. (2017). Republicanism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2018 Edition). Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/republicanism/
Lovett, F., & Pettit, P. (2009). Neorepublicanism: A normative and institutional research program. Annual Review of Political Science, 12(1), 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.040907.120952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.040907.120952
McIvor, M. (2009). Republicanism, socialism and the renewal of the left. In J. Callaghan, N. Fishman, B. Jackson, & M. McIvoer (Eds.), In search of social democracy: Responses to crisis and modernisation (pp. 252-266). Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1wn0s45.18
Mills, C. W. (2000). The sociological imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Moss, B. H. (1993). Republican socialism and the making of the working class in Britain, France, and the United States: A critique of Thompsonian culturalism. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 35(2), 390–413. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500018417 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500018417
Murphy, L. (2018). The invisible land: The hidden force driving the UK’s unequal economy and broken housing market. Retrieved from Institute for Public Policy Research website: https://www.ippr.org/files/2018-08/cej-land-tax-august18.pdf
Muthoo, A. (2000). A non-technical introduction to bargaining theory. World Economics, 1(2), 145–166.
Naddaff-Hafrey, B. (2016, January 22). Is the utopian workplace just a ploy to keep us all at work? Aeon. Retrieved from https://aeon.co/essays/is-the-utopian-workplace-just-a-ploy-to-keep-us-all-at-work
Nozick, R. (2013). Anarchy, state, and utopia. New York: Basic Books.
O’Shea, T. (2019). Socialist republicanism. Political Theory. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591719876889 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591719876889
Patten, A. (1996). The republican critique of liberalism. British Journal of Political Science, 26(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400007407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400007407
Paul, E. F., Miller, F. D., & Paul, J. (Eds.). (2005). Natural rights liberalism from Locke to Nozick (Vol. 22). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511599712
Pettit, P. (1997). Republicanism: A theory of freedom and government. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pettit, P. (2006). Freedom in the market. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 5(2), 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X06064218 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X06064218
Pettit, P. (2014). Just freedom: A moral compass for a complex world. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Phillips, L., & Rozworski, M. (2019). The people’s republic of Walmart: How the world’s biggest corporations are laying the foundation for socialism. London: Verso Books.
Robin, C. (2018, August 24). The new socialists. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/24/opinion/sunday/what-socialism-looks-like-in-2018.html
Rothbard, M. N. (2000). Egalitarianism as a revolt against nature and other essays. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Schweickart, D. (2011). After capitalism (2nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Schweickart, D. (2016, March 1). Economic democracy: An ethically desirable socialism that is economically viable. Retrieved from https://thenextsystem.org/economic-democracy
Spicker, P. (2013). Reclaiming individualism. Bristol: Policy Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46692/9781447309093
Thompson, M. J. (2018). The two faces of domination in republican political theory. European Journal of Political Theory, 17(1), 44–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885115580352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885115580352
Thompson, M. J. (2019). The radical republican structure of Marx’s critique of capitalist society. Critique, 47(3), 391–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/03017605.2019.1642987 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03017605.2019.1642987
White, S. (2007). Is republicanism the left’s “big idea”? Renewal, 15(1), 37–46.
White, S. (2011). The Republican critique of capitalism. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 14(5), 561–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2011.617119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2011.617119
Widerquist, K. (2006). Property and the power to say no: A freedom-based argument for basic income (Doctoral dissertation, Oxford University). Retrieved from https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a73bad11-7004-43f2-a02d-5ed151078476/download_file?safe_filename=602157101.pdf&file_format=application%2Fpdf&type_of_work=Thesis
Wirszubski, C. (1968). Libertas as a political idea at Rome during the late Republic and early Principate. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
Wolff, J. (1991). Robert Nozick: Property, justice, and the minimal state. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Wolff, R. D. (2012). Democracy at work: A cure for capitalism. Chicago: Haymarket Books.
Wolff, R. D. (2015, July 27). Socialism means abolishing the distinction between bosses and employees. Truthout. Retrieved from https://truthout.org/articles/socialism-means-abolishing-the-distinction-between-bosses-and-employees/
Wolff, R. D. (2017). Marxian class analysis. In D. M. Brennan, D. Kristjanson-Gural, C. P. Mulder, & E. K. Olsen (Eds.), Routledge handbook of Marxian economics (pp. 29–41). London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315774206-3
Wolff, R. D. (2020). Understanding socialism. Available from https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/richard-d-wolff/understanding-socialism/ebook/product-1z7wvr7k.html
Wolff, R. D., & Resnick, S. A. (2012). Contending economic theories: Neoclassical, Keynesian, and Marxian. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Wolin, R. (2010, April 7). The new political obscurity. Dissent Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/the-new-political-obscurity
Zwolinski, M. (2016). The libertarian nonagression principle. Social Philosophy and Policy, 32(2), 62–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026505251600011X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S026505251600011X