Beyond Neoliberal Presentism: An Eco-Temporality for the Anthropocene
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/anthropocenica.4683Palavras-chave:
Antropoceno, Temporalidade, Neoliberalismo, Bloch (Ernst), MultiversumResumo
Neste artigo, examinamos a relação entre o capitalismo neoliberal, uma temporalidade presentista, e a crise climática e ambiental. Passamos por várias características da temporalidade neoliberal (presentismo estrutural, distinção público/privado, sujeitos individuais e filosofia da história), esboçando um relato de como cada uma delas impacta a política ecológica e climática. Além disso, consideramos a desconstrução do conceito moderno de progresso linear em estudos pós-coloniais, ao mesmo tempo em que defendemos a indesejabilidade de seu completo abandono - uma vez que uma temporalidade progressiva mantém um papel crucial na viabilização de mudanças políticas e visão de longo prazo. Para estabelecer a conexão entre política e temporalidade, com base em Koselleck, Lévi-Strauss e Hartog, definimos a temporalidade política como o esquema de interação entre a representação social do tempo e o que é percebido como politicamente viável em uma determinada comunidade, em um determinado momento. Para vislumbrar um novo “regime de historicidade", adequado ao Antropoceno, precisamos aprender com os fracassos tanto do presentismo neoliberal quanto da temporalidade linear do progresso e, ao fazê-lo, abrir novos espaços para a ação política. Estabelecemos assim duas condições básicas que qualquer novo modelo de “eco-temporalidade” deve cumprir para evitar essas dificuldades. Por esta razão, nas duas últimas seções, esboçamos um modelo alternativo (multi)temporal que deve ser adequado para o Antropoceno, com base nos conceitos de “multiversum” e “contemporaneidade de elementos não-significativos”, do autor alemão Ernst Bloch (Bloch, 1970, 1991).
Downloads
Referências
Allen, A. (2016). The End of Progress: Decolonizing the Normative Foundations of Critical Theory. Columbia University Press.
Arrighi, G. (2010). The Long Twentieth Century. Verso [1994].
Badrinarayana, D. (2010). International Law in a Time of Climate Change, Sovereignty Loss, and Economic Unity. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting American Society of International Law, International Law in a Time of Change 104: 256-259.
Barkan, J. (2013). Corporate Sovereignty. Law and Government Under Capitalism. The University of Minnesota Press.
Baschet, J. (2018). Défaire la tyrannie du présent. La Découverte.
Baudrillard, J. (1994). The Illusion of the End. Polity Press.
Becchio, G. & Leghissa, G. (2017). The Origins of Neoliberalism. Insights from economics and philosophy. Routledge.
Benhabib, S. (1984). Epistemologies of Postmodernism: A Rejoinder to Jean-François Lyotard. New German Critique, 33.
Benjamin, L. (2021). Companies and Climate Change. Theory and Law in the United Kingdom. Cambridge University Press.
Benjamin, W. (1936). Der Erzähler. Betrachtungen zum Werk Nikolai Lesskows, in Benjamin, W. (1977). Illuminationen. Ausgewählte Schriften 1. Suhrkamp / Taschenbuch, pp. 385-410.
Berardi, F. (2013). Dopo il futuro. Dal futurismo al cyberpunk, DeriveApprodi.
Berman, M. (1982). All That Is Solid Melts into Air. Simon & Schuster.
Bloch, E. (1924). Aktualität und Utopie. Zu Lukacs «Geschichte und Klassenbewusstsein». In Bloch, E. (1971), Philosophische Aufsätze zur objektiven Phantasie, Gesamtausgabe, Bd. 10. Suhrkamp.
Bloch, E. (1970). A Philosophy of the Future. (John Cumming, trans.). Herder and Herder.
Bloch, E. (1990). Heritage of Our Times. The University of California Press.
Bodei, R. (1982). Multiversum. Tempo e Storia in Ernst Bloch. Bibliopolis.
Boland, L.A. (1978). Time in Economics vs Economics in Time: The 'Hayek Problem', Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'Economique, 11 (2): 240-262.
Boltanski, L. & Chiapello, È. (1999). Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme. Gallimard.
Boukalas, Ch. (2020). No future: pre-emption, temporal sovereignty and hegemonic implosion. A study on the end of neoliberal time. Constellations 1-17.
Brown, W. (2005). Neo-Liberalism and the End of Liberal Democracy. In Edgework: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics. Princeton University Press.
Brown, W. (2006). American Nightmare: Neoliberalism, Neoconservatism, and DeDemocratization. Political Theory, 34(6): 690-714.
Brown, W. (2017). Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution. Zone Books.
Burgess, A., Cappelen, H. & Plunkett, E. (eds.) (2020). Conceptual Engineering and Conceptual Ethics. Oxford University Press.
Callison, W. (2014). Sovereign Anxieties and Neoliberal Transformations: An Introduction. Qui Parle (23) 1: 3-34.
Caney, C. (2014). Climate Change, Intergenerational Equity and the Social Discount Rate. Politics, Philosophy and Economics (13) 4: 1-23.
Castree, N. (2008). ‘Neoliberalising Nature: The Logics of Deregulation and Reregulation’. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space (40): 131-42.
Cerny, P. G. (2016). The Shadow of Ordoliberalism. European Review of International Studies (3) 1: 78-92.
Chakrabarty, D. (2000). Provincializing Europe. Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton University Press
Chakrabarty, D. (2009). The Climate of History: Four Theses. Critical Inquiry 35(2): 197-222.
Chakrabarty, D. (2021). The Climate of History in a Planetary Age. The University of Chicago Press.
Chamayou, G. (2021). The Ungovernable Society: A Genealogy of Authoritarian Liberalism. Polity Press.
Chayes, A. & Chayes, A. (1995). The New Sovereignty: Compliance with International Regulatory Agreements. Harvard University Press.
Ciplet, D. & Roberts, T.J. (2017). Climate change and the transition to neoliberal environmental governance. Global Environmental Change, 46: 148-156
Ciplet, D., Roberts, T.J. &. Khan, M.R. (2015). Power in a Warming World: The New Global Politics of Climate Change and the Remaking of Environmental Inequality. MIT Press.
Cordelli, Ch. (2020). The Privatized State. Princeton University Press.
Corson, C. (2010). Shifting environmental governance in a neoliberal world: US AID for conservation. Antipode, 42 (3), 576–602.
Coser L.A. & Coser R.L. (1963). Time perspective and social structure. In Gouldner A.W. &Gouldner, H.P. (1963). Modern Sociology (pp. 638-650). Hartcourt, Brace and World.
Crouch, C. (2004). Post-Democracy. Polity.
Crouch, C. (2011). The Strange Non-Death of Neoliberalism. Polity.
Crutzen, P.J. & Stoermer, E.F. (2000). The “Anthropocene”. Global Change Newsletter. 41: 17-18.
Dardot, P. & Laval, Ch. (2013). The New Way of the World: On Neoliberal Society (trans. G. Elliot) [2009].
Davies, W. (2014). The limits of neoliberalism: Authority, sovereignty and the logic of competition. SAGE.
Debord, G. (1967). La Société du Spectacle. Gallimard.
De Carolis, M. (2017). Il rovescio della libertà. Tramonto del neoliberalismo e disagio della civiltà. Quodlibet.
De Chio, S. (2015). Tempo irreale. Il restringimento dell’orizzonte temporale nella tarda modernità. Liguori Editore.
Dietzel, A. (2019). Global Justice and Climate Governance: Bridging Theory and Practice. Edinburgh University Press.
Dine, J. (2015). Corporate Regulation, Climate Change and Corporate Law: Challenges and Balance in an International and Global World. Eur. Bus. L. Rev. 26(1): 173-202.
Eagleton, T. (1996a). The Contradictions of Postmodernism. New Literary History 28(1): 1-6.
Eagleton, T. (1996b). The Illusions of Postmodernism. Blackwell.
Fisher, M. (2009). Capitalist Realism. Is There No Alternative? Zero.
Foucault, M. (2008). The Birth of Biopolitics. Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978-1979. Palgrave Macmillan.
Fukuyama, F. (1989). The End of History? The National Interest, 16: 3-18.
Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man. The Free Press.
Gell, A. (2000). The Anthropology of Time. Cultural Constructions of Temporal Maps and Images. Routledge [1992].
Georgescu-Roegen, N. (1971). The Entropy Law and the Economic Process. Harvard University Press.
Giuliani, G. (2021). Monsters, Catastrophes and the Anthropocene. A Postcolonial Critique. Routledge.
Gonçalves, C. & Bertolami, O. (2021). The anthropic risks, climate change and coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A conceptual reflection on risk and disaster as a contribution to public perceptions. Anthropocenica. Journal of Anthropocene Studies and Ecocriticism, 2: 25-49.
Gould, S.J. (1987). Time’s Arrow, Time’s Circle. Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time. Harvard University Press.
Gurvitch, G. (1964). The Spectrum of Social Time. D. Reidel Publishing.
Hanusch, F. & Biermann, F. (2020). Deep-time organizations: Learning institutional longevity from history. The Anthropocene Review, 7(1): 19-41.
Hardt, M. & Negri, A. (2001). Empire. Harvard University Press.
Hartog, F. (2015). Presentism and Experienes of Time. Regimes of Historicity, Columbia University Press.
Harvey, D. (1989). The Condition of Postmodernity. An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change. Blackwell.
Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
Hayek, F. (1982), Law, Legislation and Liberty. A New Statement of the Liberal
Principles of Justice and Political Economy. Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
Heyd, T. (2021). Covid-19 and climate change in the times of the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene Review, 8(1): 21-36.
Hickel, J. (2017). The Divide: A Brief Guide to Global Inequality and its Solutions. Cornerstone.
Hickel, J. (2020). Less is More: How Degrowth Will Save the World. Random House.
Horn, C. (2018). Kant’s Theory of Historical Progress: A Case of Realism or Antirealism? In R. Santos and E. Schmidt (Ed.), Realism and Antirealism in Kant's Moral Philosophy: New Essays (pp. 45-66). De Gruyter.
Imbriano, G. (2016). Le due modernità. Critica, crisi e utopia in Reinhart Koselleck. DeriveApprodi.
IPCC (2023). Summary for Policymakers Synthesis Report AR6 SYR (2023). https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6syr/pdf/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf. Last consultation 28/03/2023.
James, O. (2008). The Selfish Capitalist: Origins of Affluenza. Vermilion.
Jameson, F. (1981). The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Social Symbolic Act. Methuen.
Jameson, F. (1984a). Foreword. In J. F. Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. (Bennington, G. & e Massumi, B. eds.). The University of Minnesota Press.
Jameson, F. (1984b). Postmodernism, or the cultural logic of late capitalism. New Left Review, 146: 53-92.
Jameson, F. (1991). Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Verso.
Jamieson, D. & Di Paola, M. (2016). Political Theory for the Anthropocene. In D. J. Held and P. Maffettone, P. (eds.), Global Political Theory (pp. 254-280). Polity Press.
Jamieson, D. & Di Paola, M. (2021). Climate Change, Liberalism, and the Public/Private Distinction. In M. Budolfson, T. McPherson and D. Plunkett (eds.), Philosophy and Climate Change (pp. 370-396). Oxford Scholarship Online.
Jones, E.-A. & Stafford, R. (2021). Neoliberalism and the Environment: Are We Aware of Appropriate Action to Save the Planet and Do We Think We Are Doing Enough? Earth 2(2): 331-339.
Kant, I. (1963). Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View [1784]. (trans.: L. W. White Beck). In Immanuel Kant, Kant on History. (pp. 11-26). The Bobbs-Merrill Co.
Klein, N. (2007). The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt.
Klein, N. (2014). This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate. Simon & Schuster.
Klein, N. (2019). On fire: the Burning Case for a Green New Deal. Alfred A. Knopf Canada.
Kojève, A. (1980). Introduction to the Reading of Hegel: Lectures on the Phenomenology of Spirit. Cornell University Press [1958].
Koselleck, R. (2004). Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time (trans. K. Tribe) Columbia University Press [1985].
Lasch, C. (1979). The Culture of Narcissism. American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations. Norton & Company.
Latour, B. (1993). We Have Never Been Modern. (Trans.: C. Porter). Harvard University Press.
Lazonick, W. (2014). Profit Without Prosperity. Harvard Business Review, 92(9): 46-55.
Li, M. (2020). Anthropocene, Emissions Budget, and the Structural Crisis of the Capitalist World System. Journal of World-Systems Research, 26(2): 288-317.
Linsi, L. (2020). The discourse of competitiveness and the dis-embedding of the national economy. Review of International Political Economy 27(4): 855-879.
Lübbe, H. (2009). The Contraction of the Present. In H. Rosa and W. E. Scheuerman, High-Speed Society: Social Acceleration, Power, And Modernity (159-178). The Pennsylvania State University Press.
Lyotard, J.F. (1984). The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. (G. Bennington and B. Massumi, eds.). The University of Minnesota Press.
Lyotard, J.F. (2009). Enthusiasm. The Kantian Critique of History. Stanford University Press.
Malm, A. (2016). Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming. Verso.
Malm, A. (2021). How to Blow Up a Pipeline. Learning to Fight in a World on Fire. Verso.
Mann, G. & Wainwright, J. (2018). Climate Leviathan. A Political Theory of Our Planetary Future. Penguin Random House LLC.
Manulak, M. (2022). Change in global environmental politics: temporal focal points and the reform of international institutions. Cambridge University Press.
Mazzocchi, F. (2020). A deeper meaning of sustainability: Insights from indigenous knowledge. The Anthropocene Review, 7(1): 77–93.
Mendes, J. (2020). The Anthropocene: scientific meaning and philosophical significance. Anthropocenica. Journal of Anthropocene Studies and Ecocriticism, 1: 71-89. https://doi.org/10.21814/anthropocenica.3097
Mirowski, P. & Plehwe, D. (eds.) (2009). The Road from Mont Pèlerin: the Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective. Harvard University Press.
Mitchell, W. & Fazi, T. (2018). Reclaiming the State. A Progressive Vision of Sovereignty for a Post-Neoliberal World. Pluto Press.
Morfino, V. & Thomas, P.D. (eds.) (2018). The Government of Time: Theories of Plural Temporality in the Marxist Tradition. Brill.
Naess, A. (1973). The shallow and the deep, long‐range ecology movement. A summary. Inquiry, 16(1-4): 95-100.
Niethammer, L. (1992). Posthistoire. Has History Come to an End? (trans.: P. Camiller). Verso.
Parr, A. (2013). The Wrath of Capital: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics. Columbia University Press.
Pattberg, P. & Stripple, J. (2008). Beyond the public and private divide: remapping transnational climate governance in the 21st century. Int Environ Agreements 8: 367-388.
Peck, J. (2010). Constructions of Neoliberal Reason. Oxford University Press.
Piketty, T. (2020a), Capital et Idéologie. Editions du Seuil.
Piketty, T. (2020b). Vivement le Socialisme! Chroniques, 2016–2020. Éditions du Seuil.
Polanyi, K. (1944). The Great Transformation. Farrar & Rinehart.
Ricciardi, M. (2003). Dallo Stato moderno allo Stato globale. Storia e trasformazione di un concetto. Scienza&Politica, 25(48): 75-93.
Ricciardi, M. (2011). La società senza fine. Storia, sociologia e potere della società contemporanea. Sociologia. Rivista Quadrimestrale di Scienze Storiche e Sociali, 45(1): 67-69.
Ricciardi, M. (2016). Costituzionalismo e crisi. Sulle trasformazioni di un paradigma politico dell’ordine. Giornale di storia costituzional. 32(2): 101-119.
Ricciardi, M. (2017a). L’Eterna Attualità dell’Ideologia tra Individuo, Storia e Società. In G. Corni (ed.), Storia d’Europa e del Mediterraneo. Dal Medioevo all’Età della globalizzazione, XIV: Culture, ideologie, religioni (717-747). Salerno editrice.
Ricciardi, M. (2017b). Tempo, ordine, potere. Su alcuni presupposti concettuali del programma neoliberale. Scienza & Politica 29(57): 11-30
Rich, N. (2019). Losing Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change. Macmillan.
Rosa, H. (2009). Social Acceleration: Ethical and Political Consequences of a Desynchronized High-Speed Society. In H. Rosa and W. E. Scheuerman (eds.). High Speed Society: Social Acceleration, Power, and Modernity (pp. 77-111). The Pennsylvania State University Press.
Rosenau, J. N. & Czempiel, E.-O. (eds.) (1992). Governance without Government: Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge University Press.
Said, E.W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books.
Sennett, R. (1998). The Corrosion of Character: The Personal Consequences of Work in the New Capitalism. Norton.
Slobodian, Q. (2018). Globalists: The End of Empire and the Birth of Neoliberalism. Harvard University Press.
Sloterdijk, P. (2005). Im Weltinnenraum des Kapitalsm. Suhrkamp Verlag.
Smail, D.L. (2008). On Deep History and the Brain. The University of California Press.
Srniceck, N. & Williams, A. (2015). Inventing the Future. Postcapitalism and a World Without Work. Verso.
Stern, N. (2007). The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. Cambridge University Press.
Stoner, A.M. (2020). Things are Getting Worse on Our Way to Catastrophe: Neoliberal Environmentalism, Repressive Desublimation, and the Autonomous Ecoconsumer. Critical Sociology 47(3): 491-506. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920520958099
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1966). The Scope of Anthropology. Current Anthropology, 7(2): 112-123.
Streeck, W. (2014). Buying time: the Delayed Crisis of Democratic Capitalism. Verso.
Sugarman, J. & Thrift, E. (2017). Neoliberalism and the Psychology of Time. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 60(6): 807-828. doi:10.1177/0022167817716686.
Todorov, T. (1982). La Conquête de l'Amérique: La Question de l'autre, Seuil.
Vogl, J. (2014). The Sovereignty Effect. Qui Parle 23(1): 125-55. https://doi.org/10.5250/quiparle.23.1.0125
Williams, C.A. & Zumbansen, P. (eds.) (2011). The Embedded Firm: Corporate Governance, Labor, and Finance Capitalism. Cambridge University Press.
Wright, C. & Daniel Nyberg, D. (2015). Climate Change, Capitalism and Corporations: Processes of Creative Self-Destruction. Cambridge University Press.
Zhang, Z.X. & Assunção, L. (2004). Domestic Climate Policies and the WTO. World Economy 27: 359-386 doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2004.00603.x
Žižek, S. (2001). Have Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri Rewritten the Communist Manifesto for the Twenty-First Century? Rethinking Marxism, 13: 190-198.
Zumbansen, Z. (2013). Transnational Private Regulatory Governance: Ambiguities of Public Authority and Private Power. Law and Contemporary Problems 76(2): 117-138.
