ENACTING LEVINAS’S INFINITE RESPONSIBILITY AS AN ETHICO-POLITICAL COMPROMISE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/eps.2.1.96Keywords:
Levinas, ethics, politics, infinite responsibility, business ethics, CSRAbstract
Levinas’s work does not offer us an ethical theory but seeks rather to describe a pre-originary ethical encounter with the other. Within this face-to-face encounter with the other, my subjectivity is held hostage because of an originary asymmetry between us. This ethical asymmetry produces an infinite responsibility to and for the other, in order that the singularity of the other be preserved. In order to moderate such a demanding position Levinas introduces the third party who restores justice by permitting ethical calculation. This marks a move from ethics to politics. Nonetheless, there remains a lacuna between ethics and politics. I argue for a reading of Levinas’s claim that the third party is an incessant correction of the asymmetry of proximity in order to posit infinite responsibility as the compromise of ethics with politics. I discuss some implications for business ethics, in particular CSR, in light of these findings.
References
Agle, B. R., Donaldson, T., Freeman, E., Michael C. Jensen, M.C., Ronald K. Mitchell, R.K., & J. Wood, D.J. (2008) ‘Dialogue: Toward Superior Stakeholder Theory.’ Business Ethics Quarterly, 18(2), 153-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/beq200818214
Alford, C.F. (2001). Whistleblowers: Broken Lives and Organizational Power. London: Cornell University Press.
Alford, C.F. (2004). ‘Levinas and Political Theory’ Political Theory 32(2),146-171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591703254977
Critchley, S. (1999). The Ethics of Deconstruction: Derrida and Levinas, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Critchley, S. (2004). ‘Five Problems in Levinas’s View of Politics and the Sketch of a Solution to Them’ Political theory 32(2), 172-185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591703261771
Freeman, R.E. (1984), Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
Friedman, M. (1970) ‘The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits’ in T. Donaldson & P.H. Werhane (eds.) Ethical Issues in Business: A Philosophical Approach 8th edition (2008) London: Prentice Hall, 34-39.
Frynas, J. G. and Stephens, S. (2015). ‘Political corporate social responsibility: Reviewing theories and setting new agendas’ International DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12049
Journal of Management Reviews, 17, 483–509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2011.17.11.509
Jones, C., Parker, M., & Ten Bos, R. (2005). For Business Ethics. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203458457
Jordaan, E. (2009). ‘Cosmopolitanism, freedom, and indifference: A Levinasian view.’ Alternatives, 34, pp.83-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/030437540903400105
Levinas, E. (1969). Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority. Translated by A. Lingis. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Levinas, E. (1985) Ethics and Infinity: Conversations with Philippe Nemo. Translated by R.A. Cohen. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press
Levinas, E. (1989) The Levinas Reader. Ed S. Hand. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Levinas, E. (1998). Otherwise Than Being, or Beyond Essence. Translated by A. Lingis. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
Levinas, E. (2001). Is it Righteous to Be? Interviews with Emmanuel Levinas. Ed J.Robbins. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
McMurray, R., Pullen,A. & Rhodes, C. (2010). ‘Ethical subjectivity and politics in organizations: A case of health care tendering’. Organization, 18(4), pp.541-561 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508410388336
Parker, M. (2003). ‘Ethics, Politics and Organizing’. Organization, 10(2), pp.187-203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508403010002001
Perpich, D. (2008). The Ethics of Emmanuel Levinas. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804779784
Raffoul, F. (1998). ‘On Hospitality, between Ethics and Politics: review of Adieu a Emmanuel Levinas by Jacques Derrida’ Research in Phenomenology, 28, p. 274-283 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156916498X00164
Scherer, A.G., Palazzo, G. & Dirk Matten, D. (2009) ‘Introduction to the Special Issue: Globalization as a Challenge for Business Responsibilities’ Business Ethics Quarterly,19(3), 327-347 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/beq200919320
Scherer, A. G., Rasche, A., Palazzo, G., & Spicer, A. (2016). Managing for political corporate social responsibility: New challenges and directions for PCSR 2.0. Journal of Management Studies, 53(3), 273–298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12203
Williams, B. (1985). Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. London: Routledge.
Woermann, M. (2016). Bridging Complexity and Post-Structuralism: Insights and Implications. Switzerland: Springer International. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39047-5
Wolff, E. (2011). Political responsibility for a Globalised World. After Levinas’ Humanism. Bielefeld, Germany: Transcript DOI: https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_627785