Socialism: Utilitarian and deontic

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21814/eps.5.1.179

Palavras-chave:

deontologia, dialogismo, socialismo, utilitarismo

Resumo

Argumenta-se neste artigo que aqueles que defendem um sistema de mercado capitalista tendo por
base a “mão invisível” ou a “ordem espontânea” pertencem a uma tradição da filosofia política que
procura resgatar o máximo possível de uma natureza humana defeituosa, ao passo que os socialistas
tendem a pertencer a uma tradição oposta que assenta numa fé no progresso humano. A primeira das
tradições pressupõe uma espécie de consequencialismo no qual a bondade pode ser obtida
independentemente das intenções das pessoas, ao passo que a segunda, dada a sua ênfase na tomada
consciente de decisões e na “vontade boa” esteia-se numa deontologia Kantiana. Discutem-se aqui
tanto argumentos de tipo utilitário como deontológico a favor do socialismo, mas sugere-se que a
ênfase na dignidade humana e em acções deliberadas e planeadas tornam os argumentos socialistas
mais consentâneos com uma abordagem deontológica. Isto é sobretudo evidente quando os pensadores
socialistas transformam a universalidade monológica Kantiana numa mutualidade dialógica e
comunicativa.

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Publicado

2023-10-01

Como Citar

Skempton, S. (2023). Socialism: Utilitarian and deontic. Ética, Política & Sociedade, 5(1), 28–46. https://doi.org/10.21814/eps.5.1.179