Rawls against Rawls: on the political value of social association
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/eps.5.1.170Palavras-chave:
liberdade de associação, liberalismo político, associações não-políticas, associação social, respeito próprioResumo
Este estudo centra-se na categoria paradigmática da associação social de modo a indagar o tratamento dado, regra geral, à liberdade de associação no âmbito das teorias da justiça. As associações sociais são associações organizadas, voluntárias e secundárias que não têm qualquer função económica ou política específica e que não estão vinculadas a qualquer autoridade externa. Esta categoria é aqui explorada de modo a re-examinar a relação entre a liberdade de associação e os dois poderes morais. Sustenta-se o argumento segundo o qual a liberdade para a constituição de associações sociais é não apenas uma condição institucional para a consciência, tal como assumido por Rawls, mas que também tem uma conexão directa e evidente com os dois poderes morais. Mais especificamente, demonstra-se que ela permite que as pessoas vivam uma vida que eles consideram, colectivamente, como sendo razoável e valiosa e que desenvolvam uma consciência do seu valor e uma confiança nas suas próprias capacidades. Este é o interesse associativo fundamental que nós temos pelo respeito próprio, que se tornou invisível no seio do liberalismo político em virtude da categoria das associações não-políticas. Demonstra-se aqui que as associações sociais e o direito a constituir uma associação deste tipo têm uma importância especial para o respeito próprio, e mais em particular, para as bases sociais do mesmo e argumenta-se que as instituições deveriam conceder aos cidadãos as oportunidades para a emergência das circunstâncias pessoais que suportam o respeito próprio ao assegurar as condições sociais necessárias ao estabelecimento das associações sociais.
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