Are capabilities just recipient oriented? An argument in favour of the capability to work, and of UBI to protect it
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/eps.5.2.206Palavras-chave:
Capacidade, Rendimento Básico Incondicional, Trabalho, Justiça, RobustezResumo
De acordo com a abordagem das capacidades, uma teoria da justiça deve ser baseada em capacidades. No entanto, estas teorias têm sido criticadas por serem exclusivamente orientadas para o beneficiário. Este defeito poderia ser resolvido da seguinte forma: todas as pessoas têm acesso às capacidades para uma vida boa, desde que contribuam assumindo uma parte dos fardos da cooperação. No entanto, a obrigação de contribuir é suscetível de entrar em conflito com a própria noção de "capacidade". Neste artigo propõe-se uma solução para resolver este aparente conflito. Uma vez que as capacidades de uma pessoa para uma vida boa estão condicionadas à sua obrigação de contribuir, a chave para assegurar a robustez de tais capacidades é garantir que a capacidade de trabalhar, da qual as demais dependem, seja suficientemente robusta. Neste sentido, argumenta-se, por um lado, que a melhor maneira de reforçar a robustez da capacidade de trabalhar é distribuí-la através do acesso incondicional a um trabalho que cumpra um limiar mínimo de decência. Por outro lado, argumenta-se que a política mais eficaz para este efeito resulta da combinação de políticas de garantia de emprego com um rendimento básico incondicional (RBI).
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