Children’s Pictures in Research Practices across Academic Disciplines

Authors

  • Johanna Sjöberg Department of thematic studies – Child Studies, Linköping university

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21814/childstudies.5768

Keywords:

research, methodology, children, pictures

Abstract

With the aim of exploring how children’s pictures are made relevant and given meaning in research, this article analyses how children’s pictures are used, discussed, and studied across different academic disciplines. Altogether, 423 articles published between 2010 and 2023 were thematically analysed. Four themes were identified that run through the research: Health and wellbeing, Competence and the mind, Education, and Agency and opinions. Each have strong connections to academic disciplines but are not simply defined by them. They are connected to specific perspectives on children’s pictures, as well as specific notions of children. The study shows that very few studies focus on children’s pictures per se, or analyse them solely for artistic reasons. Instead, children’s pictures are often included in research with the purpose of making claims that extend beyond the pictures themselves, and beyond picture-making processes.

References

Adejumo, C. (2010). Promoting artistic and cultural development through service learning and critical pedagogy in a low-income community art program. Visual Arts Research, 36(1), 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/var.2010.0009

Adline, M., & Lefevre, C. (2021). Effects of early bilingualism on representational and procedural flexibility in Draw-a-Man Test. Psychologie Francaise, 66(3), 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2020.03.001

Altay, N, Kilicarslan-Toruner, E., & Sari, Ç. (2017). The effect of drawing and writing technique on the anxiety level of children undergoing cancer treatment. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 28, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2017.02.007

Amrutha, R., Sadh, K., & Murthy, P. (2021). Imagining the COVID-19 pandemic through the minds of 9-11 years old: findings from an art exhibition in India. Public Health, 192, 56–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.01.007

Arden, R., Trzaskowski, M., Garrfield, V. et al. (2014). Genes influence young children’s human figure drawings and their association with intelligence a decade later. Psychological Science, 25(10), 1843–1850. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614540686

Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616

Baluch, B., Duffy, L., Badami, R. et al. (2017). A cross-continental study on children’s drawings of football players: implications for understanding key issues and controversies in human figure drawings. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 13(3), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i3.1237

Bergman, M., & Coxon, A. (2005). The quality in qualitative methods. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 6(2),1–20. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-6.2.457

Blom, E., Berke, R., Shaya, N. et al. (2021). Cognitive flexibility in children with developmental language disorder: drawing of nonexistent objects. Journal of Communication Disorders, 93, 106137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2021.106137

Britsch, S. (2019). Exploring science visually: science and photography with pre-kindergarten children. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 19(1), 55–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798417700704

Burkitt, E. (2022). Children’s Drawings. Oxford bibliographies, Childhood studies. doi:10.1093/obo/9780199791231-0058.

Burkitt, E., & Lowry, R. (2015). Attitudes and practices that shape children’s drawing behaviour in mainstream and performing arts schools. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 34(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12033

Burkitt, E., & Watling, D. (2016). How do children who understand mixed emotion represent them in freehand drawings of themselves and others? Educational Psychology, 36(5), 935–955. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2015.1044942

Cameron, C,. A., Pinto, G., Stella, C. et al. (2020). A day in the life of young children drawing at home and at school. International Journal of Early Years Education, 28(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2019.1605887

Cannoni, E., Pinto, G. & Bombi, A., S. (2021). Typical emotional expression in children’s drawings of the human face. Current Psychology, 42(4), 2762–2768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01558-1

Chad-Friedman, E., Lee, Y., Liu, X. et al. (2019). The effects of visual arts pedagogies on children’s intrinsic motivation, creativity, artistic skill, and realistic drawing ability. Journal of Creative Behavior, 53(4), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.228

Christidou, V., Fotini, B., & Vassilia, H. (2023). Drawing a scientist: using the Emo-DAST to explore emotional aspects of children’s images of scientists. Research in Science & Technological Education, 41(4), 1287–1308. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2021.1998770

Clapp, L., Taylor, E., Di Folco, S. et al. (2019). Effectiveness of art therapy with pediatric populations affected by medical health conditions: a systematic review. Arts & Health, 11(3), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2018.1443952

Coates, E., & Coates, A. (2021). Images in words and pictures: issues arising from a shared experience of talking and drawing. Children & Society, 35(2), 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12423

Cox, M. (1993). Children’s drawings of the human figure. Erlbaum, Hove.

Cremin, H., Mason, C., & Busher, H. (2011). Problematising pupil voice using visual methods: findings from a study of engaged and disaffected pupils in an urban secondary school. British Educational Research Journal, 37(4), 585–603. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2010.482977

Darling-McQuistan, K. (2017). Beyond representation: exploring drawing as part of children’s meaning-making. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 36(3), 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12158

do Vale Pinheiro, I., da Costa, A., G., Rodrigues, D., C., B. et al. (2015). Hospital psychological assessment with the drawing of the human figure: a contribution to the care to oncologic children and teenagers. Psychology, 6(4), 484–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.64046

Drake, J., & Winner, E. (2018). Extreme drawing realism in childhood. Roeper Review, 40(4), 222–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783193.2018.1501781

Driessnack, M., & Furukawa, R. (2012). Arts-based data collection techniques used in child research. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 17(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00304.x

Earl, L. (2018). Children’s food maps: using social mapping to understand school foodscapes. Ethnography and Education, 13(4), 508–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2017.1384320

Eskelinen, K. (2012). Children’s visual art and creating through photographs. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 45, 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.553

Goldner, L., & Levi, M. (2014). Children’s family drawings, body perceptions, and eating attitudes: the moderating role of gender. Arts in Psychotherapy, 41(1), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2013.11.004

Hallam, J., L., Hewitt, D., & Buxton, S. (2014). An exploration of children’s experiences of art in the classroom. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 33(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8070.2014.12022.x

Hallam, J., L., Lee, H., & Das Gupta, M. (2011). An investigation into the ways in which art is taught in English reception classes. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts, 5(2), 177–185. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0020275

Hamilton, A., Jin, Y., & Krieg, S., (2019). Early childhood arts curriculum: a cross-cultural study. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 51(5), 698–714. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2019.1575984

Howard, A., H., Razuri, E., B., Call, C. et al. (2017). Family drawings as attachment representations in a sample of post-institutionalized adopted children. Arts in Psychotherapy, 52, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2016.09.003

Iafelice, M. (2016). Re/Presenting a/rtful pedagogy: relational aesthetics in early childhood contemporary art experiences. Journal of Childhood Studies, 41(4), 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/jcs.v41i4.16715

Jolley, R. (2010). Children and pictures: drawing and understanding, Wiley-Blackwell, Malden MA.

Kauffman, N. (2016). Blank canvases art program, altering the landscape of visual arts education in the elementary school classroom. Journal of Childhood Studies, 41(4), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.18357/jcs.v41i4.16716

Kay, C. (2021). German children’s art during World War I. Global Studies of Childhood, 11(2), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/20436106211015694

Knight, L., McArdle, F., Cumming, T. et al. (2015). Intergenerational collaborative drawing: a research method for researching with/about young children. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 40(4), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911504000404

Kruuse, K., Kalmus, V., Runnel, P. et al. (2020). Mapping children’s life-worlds: a content-analytical study of drawings of favourite gifts. Journal of Ethnology & Folkloristics, 14(2), 123–141. https://doi.org/10.2478/jef-2020-0019

Kukkonen, T., & Chang-Kredl, S. (2018). Drawing as social play: shared meaning‐making in young children’s collective drawing activities. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 37(1), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12116

Lämsä, T., Jokinen, K., Rönkä, A. et al. (2017). Childhood reproduced: images of childhood represented in children’s daily lives in home and day-care settings. Journal of Family Studies, 23(2), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2015.1106334

Levac, D., Colquhoun, H., & O’Brien, K. (2010). Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implementation Science, 5(69), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69

Lima, T., A., Panachuk, L., & Cruz, D. (2019). Scribbling the walls: children’s contribution to the rock art of Peruacu valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rock Art Research, 36(2), 1–17. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.403366580423966

Lobstein, T., Jackson-Leach, R., Moodie, M. et al. (2015). Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture. The Lancet, 385(9986), 2510–2520. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61746-3

Luttrell, W. (2010). “A camera is a big responsibility”: a lens for analysing children’s visual voices. Visual Studies, 25(3), 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/1472586X.2010.523274

Martinet, L., Sueur, C., Hirata, S. et al. (2021). New indices to characterize drawing behavior in humans (Homo sapiens) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Scientific Reports, 11(1), 3860. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83043-0

Milbrath, C., & Trautner, H., M. (eds.) (2008). Children’s understanding and production of pictures, drawings, and art. Hogrefe & Huber, Toronto.

Mitchell, C., Theron, L., Smith, A. et al. (2011). Drawings as research method. In: Theron L, Mitchell C., Smith, A. et al. (eds.), Picturing research: Drawing as visual methodology. Brill, Leiden, pp. 17–36.

Mohangi, K., Ebersöhn, L., & Eloff, I. (2011). “I am doing okay”: intrapersonal coping strategies of children living in an institution. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 21(3), 397– 404. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-28126-009

Mottweiler, C., & Taylor, M. (2014). Elaborated role play and creativity in preschool age children. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 8(3), 277– 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0036083

Mullick, A. (2013). Inclusive indoor play: an approach to developing inclusive design guidelines. Work, 44 Supplement 1:S5–17. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-121489

Nyberg, M. (2019). Children’s pictures of a good and desirable meal in kindergarten: a participatory visual approach. Children & Society, 33(5), 471–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12327

Park, H. (2019). Painting “out of the lines”: the aesthetics of politics and politics of aesthetics in children’s art. Visual Arts Research, 45(2), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.5406/visuartsrese.45.2.0066

Petris, A., O., Tatu-Chitoiu, G., Cimpoesu, D. et al. (2017). You can also save a life!: children’s drawings as a non-verbal assessment of the impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 12(3), 365–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-016-1469-8

Picard, D. (2011). Impact of manual preference on directionality in children's drawings. Laterality, 16(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500903140610

Picchietti, D., Arbuckle, R., Abetz, L. et al. (2011). Pediatric restless legs syndrome: analysis of symptom descriptions and drawings. Journal of Child Neurology, 26(11), 1365–1376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073811405852

Portex, M., Foulin, J., & Troadec, B. (2017). Cultural influence on directional tendencies in children’s drawing. Laterality: Asymmetries of body, brain and cognition, 22(5), 621–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650X.2016.1266363

Prosser, J. (2011). Image-based educational research: childlike perspectives. Learning Landscapes, 4(2), 257–273. https://doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v4i2.399

Rakhmanov, O., & Dane, S. (2019). Correlation between Vanderbilt ADHD diagnostic scale and the draw-a-man test in school children. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 7(6), 77–81.

Rauh, V., Garcia, W., Whyatt, R. et al. (2015). Prenatal exposure to the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos and childhood tremor. Neurotoxicology, 51, 80–86. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.004

Rose, S., & Jolley, R. (2016). Drawing development in mainstream and Waldorf Steiner schools revisited. Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts, 10(4), 447–457. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/aca0000070

Rose, S., Jolley, R., & Burkitt, E. (2006). A review of children’s, teachers’ and parents’ influences on children’s drawing experience. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 25(3), 341–349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8070.2006.00500.x

Rubin, J. (2005). Child art therapy. John Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.

Rudolph, S., & Wright, S. (2015). Drawing out the value of the visual: children and young people theorizing time through art and narrative. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 47(4), 486–507. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2015.1006685

Ryan, G., & Bernard, R. (2003). Techniques to identify themes. Field Methods, 15(1), 85–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X02239569

Saito, A., Hayashi, M., Takeshita, H. et al. (2014). The origin of representational drawing: a comparison of human children and chimpanzees. Child Development, 85(6), 2232–2246. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12319

Sakr, M. (2018). Multimodal participation frameworks during young children’s collaborative drawing on paper and on the iPad. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.05.004

Sakr, M., & Osgood, J. (eds.). (2019). Postdevelopmental approaches to childhood art. Bloomsbury Academic, London.

Sakr, M., Connelly, V., & Wild, M. (2018). Imitative or iconoclastic? How young children use ready‐made images in digital art. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 37(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12104

Shi, F., Sun, W., Duan, H, et al. (2021). Drawing reveals hallmarks of children with autism. Displays, 67(102000), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2021.102000

Strikas, K., Valiakos, A., Tsimpiris, A. et al. (2022). Deep learning techniques for fine motor skills assessment in preschool children. International Journal of Education and Learning Systems, 7, 43–49.

Trafi-Prats, L., & Schulte, C. (eds.). (2022). New images of thought in the study of childhood drawing. Springer, Cham.

Vinter, A., Bonin, P., & Morgan, P. (2018). The severity of the visual impairment and practice matter for drawing ability in children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 78, 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.04.027

Wahyudi, M., & Fathani, A. (2018). Developing skill of art using the explicit instruction model with finger painting media in kindergarten. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 274, 36–40. https://doi.org/10.2991/iccite-18.2018.9

Ware, E., Drummond, B., Gross, J. et al. (2020). Giving children a voice about their dental care. Journal of Dentistry for Children, 87(2), 116–119.

Wilson, B. (1997). Types of child art and alternative developmental accounts: interpreting the interpreters. Human Development, 40(3), 155–168. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26767728

Woolford, J., Patterson, T., Macleod, E. et al. (2015). Drawing helps children to talk about their presenting problems during a mental health assessment. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 20(1), 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104513496261

Xie, Q., Zhang, Y., Dai, X. et al. (2022). A qualitative synthesis of drawing‐based research on the illness‐related experiences of children living with physical health problems. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(6), e3843–e3870. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.14082

Yadav, S., & Chakraborty, P. (2017). Children aged two to four are able to scribble and draw using a smartphone app. Acta Paediatrica, 106(6), 991–994. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13818

Yilmaz, A., Kirci, E., & Goker, Z. (2019). Pictures portrayed by children with migraine with aura: a Turkish case series. Neurological Sciences, 40, 839–845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-3713-2

Zigler, C., K., Ardalan, K., Hernandez, A. et al. (2020). Exploring the impact of paediatric localized scleroderma on health-related quality of life: focus groups with youth and caregivers. The British Journal of Dermatology, 183(4), 692–701. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18879

Zuccoli, F. (2019). Making a new beginning based on drawing: educational paths in nursery and primary school. DISEGNARECON, 12(23), 1–8. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/2642261-000-0015-5

Downloads

Published

27-12-2024

How to Cite

Sjöberg, J. (2024). Children’s Pictures in Research Practices across Academic Disciplines. Child Studies, (6), 121–142. https://doi.org/10.21814/childstudies.5768

Issue

Section

Articles

Funding data