CHILD BILINGUALISM. A VALUABLE LEGACY OF PORTUGUESE-GERMAN MIGRATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.5175Keywords:
Migration, bilinguism, Portuguese-descendent populationAbstract
The present paper aims at discussing one of the legacies of migration: child bilingualism. Having the Portuguese-descendent migration flow as example, we intend to discuss the biological nature of the acquisition of two languages in childhood, which is triggered by the existence of various languages in the multilingual space, a by-product of the migration process.
References
Ambridge, B. & Lieven, E.V.M. (2011). Language Acquisition: Contrasting theoretical approaches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511975073
Baganha, M.I. & Marques, J.C. (2001). Imigração e Política: O caso Português. Lisboa: Fundação Luso-Americana.
Baganha, M.I. & Peixoto, J. (1997). Trends in the 90’s: the Portuguese migratory experience. In M.I. Baganha (org.), Immigration in Southern Europe (pp. 15-40). Oeiras: Celta.
Bhatnagar, S. C.; Mandybur, G. T.; Buckingham, H.W. & Andy, O. J. (2000). Language representation in the human brain: evidence from cortical mapping. Brain and Language, 74, 238–259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.2000.2339
Bialystok, E. (2009). Bilingualism: The good, the bad, and the indifferent. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12 (1), 3–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728908003477
Brauer de Figueiredo, M. F. (1993). Sprachkontakt: Wie redet die 2. Generation der Immigranten in Hamburg Portugiesisch?. In Akten des Deutschen Hispanistentags Göttingen 1991 (pp. 307-327). Frankfurt a.M.: Vervuert. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31819/9783964568106-021
Brauer de Figueiredo, M. F. (1997). Aspetos do bilinguismo dos emigrantes portugueses da 2ª geração em Hamburgo. In H. Lüdtke & J. Schmidt-Radefeldt (orgs.), Kontrastive Linguistik: Deutsch versus Portugiesisch - Spanisch – Französisch (pp. 381-406). Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Brauer de Figueiredo, M. F. (1999). Gesprochenes Portugiesisch. Frankfurt a.M.: TFM.
Bylund, E. (2008). Age Differences in First Language Attrition. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Stockholm.
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. MIT Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21236/AD0616323
Chomsky, N. (1972). Language and mind. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
Costa, J. & Lobo, M. (2006). A aquisição de clíticos em PE: Omissão de Clíticos ou Objectos Nulos? In: XXI Encontro Nacional da APL. Textos Seleccionados (pp. 285-293). Lisboa: APL.
Costa, J. & Lobo, M. (2011). Objeto nulo na aquisição do português europeu: pro ou variável? In: XXVI Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística. Textos Seleccionados (pp. 197-207). Lisboa: APL.
Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy. Bilingual children in the crossfire. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853596773
De Houwer, A. (1990). The acquisition of two languages from birth: A case study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511519789
Duarte, J. & Roth, H.-J. (2008). Estrutura linguística e desempenho escolar na aquisição de uma segunda língua. In C.Flores (org.), Temas em Bilinguismo (pp.191-206). Braga: CEHUM.
Flores, C. (2010). The effect of age on language attrition: Evidences from bilingual returnees. Bilingualism, Language and Cognition, 13 (4), 533–546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672890999054X
Flores, C. (2015). Losing a language in childhood: a longitudinal case study on language attrition. Journal of Child Language, 42 (3), 562-590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000914000233
Flores, C. & Barbosa, P. (2014). When reduced input leads to delayed acquisition: a study on the acquisition of clitic placement by Portuguese heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 18 (3), 304-325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006912448124
Genesee, F. (1989). Early bilingual development: one language or two? Journal of Child Language, 16, 161-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900013490
Gollan, T.; Salmon, D.P.; Montoya, R. & Galasko, D.R. (2011). Degree of Bilingualism Predicts Age of Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease in Low-Education but not in Highly-Educated Hispanics. Neuropsychologia, 49 (14), 3826-3830. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.041
Grosjean, F. (1982). Life with Two Languages. Cambridge: Harvard UP.
Kupisch, T. (2013). A new term for a better distinction? A view from the higher end of the proficiency scale. Theoretical Linguistics, 39 (3–4), 203–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2013-0012
Meisel, J. M. (1989). Early differentiation of languages in bilingual children. In K. Hyltenstam & L.K. Obler (orgs.), Bilingualism across the lifespan: Aspects of acquisition, maturity, and loss (pp. 13-40). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511611780.003
Meisel, J. M. (2001). The simultaneous acquisition of two first languages: Early differentiation and subsequent development of grammars. In Cenoz, J. & Genesee, F. (orgs.), Trends in bilingual acquisition (pp. 11–41). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.1.03mei
Melo-Pfeifer, S. (2014). The role of the family in heritage language use and learning: impact on heritage language policies. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 18(1), 26-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2013.868400
Melo-Pfeifer, S. & Schmidt, A. (2014). "Desenha-te a falar as línguas que conheces": imagens de crianças luso(fono)descendentes na Alemanha acerca da sua Competência Plurilingue. In A. I. Andrade; M. H. Araújo e Sá; R. Faneca; F. Martins; A. S. Pinho & A. R. Simões (org.), A diversidade linguística nos discursos e nas práticas de educação e formação (pp. 159-182). Aveiro: Universidade de Aveiro.
Montrul, S. (2002). Incomplete acquisition and attrition of Spanish tense/aspect distinctions in adult bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5 (1), 39–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728902000135
Montrul, S. (2008). Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism: Re-examining the Age Factor. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.39
Müller, N., & Hulk, A. (2001). Crosslinguistic influence in bilingual language acquisition: Italian and French as recipient languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4 (1), 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728901000116
Pascual y Cabo, D. & Rothman, J. (2012). The (il)logical problem of heritage speaker bilingualism and incomplete acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 33, 450–455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/ams037
Pinheiro, T. (2010). Vernetzte Identitäten: Repräsentationen portugiesischer Emigration im deutschsprachigen Internet. In T. Pinheiro (org.), Portugiesische Migrationen. Geschichte, Repräsentationen und Erinnerungskulturen (pp.175-196). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92107-5_10
Polinsky, M. (1995). American Russian: Language Loss Meets Language Acquisition. Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics. Cornell Meeting. Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications.
Romaine, S. (1989). Bilingualism. Cambridge: Blackwell.
Roth, H.-J. & Duarte, J. (2006). Sobre a aquisição de competências linguísticas num modelo de ensino bilingue. O português-alemão em Hamburgo. Palavras, 30, 43–68.
Santos, A.L. & Flores, C. (2016). Comparing heritage speakers and late L2-learners of European Portuguese: verb movement, VP ellipsis and adverb placement. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 6 (3), 308–340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.14006.san
Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal Behavior. Acton, Massachusetts: Copley Publishing Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/11256-000
Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. New York: Linguistic Circle of New York.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Cristina Flores
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.