Os mitos de Marte: das suas origens gregas ao Ilium-Olympos pós-humano de Dan Simmons
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.5998Palavras-chave:
Mito, Marte, Odisseia, SimmonsResumo
Marte sempre fascinou a humanidade devido à sua proximidade, movimento e cor vermelha. Para as civilizações antigas, simbolizava sangue e guerra, e para os gregos e romanos, era considerado o local de morada de Ares/Marte, o deus da guerra. A descoberta de linhas retas na superfície do planeta por astrônomos do século XIX levou à crença popular de que ele poderia ser habitado por criaturas inteligentes. Desde então, Marte se tornou uma espécie de duplo mítico, no qual projetamos nossas esperanças e medos terrenos. Na série Ilium-Olympos, de Dan Simmons, ambientada em um Marte futurista, mitos antigos e modernos são revisitados e recontextualizados para explorar nossos desejos mais profundos como seres humanos. Seu herói, Harman-Prometeu, representa aqueles que ainda leem as antigas epopeias, convencidos de que suas narrativas e mitos oferecem a sabedoria para entender nossos desejos mais profundos.
Referências
Aldiss, B. W., & Wingrove, D. (1986). Trillion year spree. The history of science fiction. Atheneum.
Atwood, M. (2011). In other worlds. SF and the human imagination. Signal.
Bogdanov, A. (1908). Krasnaia zvezda. A. Bogdanov.
Bottici, C. (2007). Political myth, ideology and utopia. In C. Bottici, A philosophy of political myth (pp. 177–200). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511498626.013
Bradbury, R. (1950). The Martian chronicles. Doubleday & Company,
Bradbury, R., Clarke, A. C., Murray, B., Sagan, C., & Sullivan, W. (1973). Mars and the mind of man. Harper and Row.
Braidotti, R. (2013). The posthuman. Polity Press.
Brunel, P. (1999). Postface. In P. Brunel (Ed.), Dictionnaire des mythes d’aujourd’hui (pp. 899–921). Rocher.
Caidin, M., Barbree J., & Wright, S. (1997). Destination Mars. In art, myth and science. Penguin.
Cascales, R. (2024). The art of becoming. Tracing technological transformation and its perception in society. Review of Contemporary Philosophy, 23(2), 1768-1785. https://www.reviewofconphil.com/index.php/journal/article/view/915/937
Clarke, A. C. (1951). The sands of Mars. Sidgwick and Jackson.
Compton, D. G. (1966). Farewell, Earth’s bliss. Hodder & Stoughton.
Cromie, R. (1890). A Plunge into Space. Frederick Warne and Co.
Crossley, R. (2011). Imagining Mars. A literary history. Wesleyan University Press.
Dick, P. K. (1964). Martian time-slip. Ballantine Books.
Flammarion, C. (1890). Uranie. C. Marpon et E. Flammarion.
Flammarion, C. (1892). La planète Mars et ses conditions d’habitabilité. Gauthier-Villars.
Fraser, J. (1889). Melbourne and Mars: My mysterious life on two planets. E. W. Cole.
Greenblatt, S. (1990). Learning to curse. Essays in Early Modern culture. Routledge.
Greg, P. (1880). Across the Zodiac: The Story of a Wrecked Overland Trip from the Earth to Mars. Trübner & Co.
Grobéty, G. (2015). Revised iliadic epiphanies in Dan Simmons’s Ilium. In B. E. Stevens & B. M. Rogers (Eds.), Classical traditions in science fiction (pp. 263–79). Oxford University Press.
Guenther, G. (2012). Magical imaginations. Instrumental aesthetics in the English Renaissance. University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442693951
Hayles, N. K. (1999). How we became posthuman. Virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and informatics. University of Chicago Press.
Hendrix, H. V., Rabkin, E. S., & Slusser G. E. (2011). Visions of Mars. Essays on the red planet in fiction and science. McFarland & Co. Inc.
Herbrechter, S. (2022). Critical posthumanism. An overview. In Palgrave handbook of critical posthumanism (pp. 3–26). Palgrave Macmillan.
Homer (2014). Odyssey. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/DLCL.homer-odyssey.1919
Jones, A. I., & Merchant, E. (1893). Unveiling a parallel: A romance. Arena Publishing Company.
Keen, T. (2017). Prometheus, Pygmalion, and Helen. In V. Zajko & H. Hoyle (Eds.), A handbook to the reception of classical mythology (pp. 311–21). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119072034.ch21
Klein, M. J. (2012). Modern myths. Science fiction in the age of technology.In Frontiers of Cyberspace (pp. 255–279). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401208581_013
Lane, K. M. D. (2011). Geographies of Mars. Seeing and knowing the red planet. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226470795.001.0001
Lara, I. (2007). Beyond Caliban’s curses. The decolonial feminist literacy of Sycorax. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 9(1), 80–98. https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol9/iss1/5
Lasswitz, K. (1897). Auf zwei Planeten. E. Felber.
Lindsay, T. (2016). “Which first was mine own king”. Caliban and the politics of service and education in The tempest. Studies in Philology, 113(2), 397–423. https://doi.org/10.1353/sip.2016.0016
Losada, J. M. (2012). The subversive triad. A theorical approach. In J. M. Losada & M. Guirao (Eds.), Myth and subversion in the contemporary novel (pp. 3–12), Cambridge Scholar Publishing.
Lovelock, J. E., & Allaby, M. (1984). The greening of Mars. Andre Deutsch.
Lowell, P. (1908). Mars as the abode of life. The Macmillan Company.
Lowell, Percival (1895). Mars. Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
MacColl, H. (1889). Mr. Stranger’s sealed packet. Chatto & Windus.
Mathière, C. (1999). Voyage dans l’espace. In P. Brunel (Ed.), Dictionnaire des mythes d’aujourd’hui (pp. 848–81). Rocher.
Miller, D. A. (2000). The epic hero. Johns Hopkins University Press. https://doi.org/10.1353/book.75287
Orgel, S. (1997). Introduction. In W. Shakespeare, The tempest (pp. 1–30). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198129172.book.1
Palmer, C. (1999). Galactic empires and the contemporary extravaganza. Dan Simmons and Iain M. Banks. Science Fiction Studies, 26(1), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.4000/resf.539
Périer, I. (2011). De la mythocritique à la mythanalyse. Rêve de transcendance et transhumanisme. Sociétés, 113(3), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.3917/soc.113.0063
Proust, M. (1932). Remembrance of things past 2. Random House.
Roberts, A. (2016). Science fiction and the ancient novel. In A. Roberts (Ed.), The history of science fiction (pp. 25–35). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56957-8
Robinson, K. S. (1992). Red Mars. Harper Collins
Robinson, K. S. (1993). Green Mars. Harper Collins
Robinson, K. S. (1996). Blue Mars. Harper Collins
Robinson, K. S. (2011). Martian musings and the miraculous conjunction. In H. V. Hendrix., E. S. Rabkin & G. E. Slusser (Eds.), Visions of Mars. Essays on the red planet in fiction and science (pp. 146–151). McFarland & Co. Inc.
Sagan, C. (1980). Cosmos. Random House.
Samosata, Lucian of. (1962). A True Story. In L. Casson (Ed.), Selected Satires of Lucian (pp. 13-57). WW Norton & Co.
Shattuck, R. (2000). Proust’s way. A field guide to in search of lost time. Norton.
Sheehan, W. (1996). The planet Mars. A history of observation and discovery. University of Arizona Press.
Silver, S. H. (2003, July). A conversation with Dan Simmons. SFSite. https://www.sfsite.com/09b/ds160.htm
Simmons, D. (2003). Ilium. Gollanz.
Simmons, D. (2005). Olympos. Gollanz.
Stableford, B. M. & Langford, D. (2020). Immortality. In J. Clute, D. Langford, P. Nicholls & G. Sleight (Eds.), The encyclopedia of science fiction. http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/immortality
Stanley, O., Michalski, N. L., Lane R. & Zani, S. J. (2018). Martian pictures. Analyzing the cinema of the red planet. McFarland & Company.
Wagner, T. M. (2005, s.d.). Dan Simmons. Olympus, SF Reviews.net. http://www.sfreviews.net/olympos.html
Wells, H. G. (1898). The war of the worlds. William Heinemann.
Wells, H. G. (1931). The time machine. In The short stories. (pp. 9–123). Ernest Benn Ltd.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Rosa Fernández Urtasun
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0.
